Reviewing The Various Branches Of The United States...

Reviewing the Various Branches of the United States Government in Understanding the Checks and Balances System Before understanding the system of Checks and Balances it may be helpful for one to understand the various functions of the three branches that make up the federal government. The federal government consists of millions of people working together and insuring that the United States is run in an effective manor thus protecting the rights of every American citizen. American citizens must rely on local, state, and federal elected officials along with many members of various public organizations to insure that our Constitutional rights are not being infringed upon and that America remains a free country. Executive Branch Beginning with the Executive Branch of the United States Federal Government which seems to be the largest branch within the federal government. The Executive Branch is led by the President. The President is head of the state, head of government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces (The Executive Brach/whitehouse.gov). The President of the United States is a very influential man and an admired leader. The U.S. Constitution, Article 2, Section 1, states that the President must â€Å"†¦take care that the laws be faithfully executed†¦.† (The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription). In fulfilling his duties set forth by The Constitution the President has many duties, he not only leads the Executive Branch but also has a major legislative roleShow MoreRelatedThe Republic Of Ireland And The United Kingdom1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom An Analysis of Governments, Politics, and Society in the Region Conall P. MacKenzie FP230 Short Paper LCDR Rachael Gosnell 24SEP2015 Western Europe has grown exponentially since the colonial period, and the emergence of the Republic of Ireland and a unified United Kingdom has clearly shown that Europe’s boarders are constantly changing. Each nation has evolved in its own ways over the course of its existence, but both show many similaritiesRead MoreCase Studies : Health Law1273 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribed as the local, state and federal laws, rules, regulations and other jurisprudence that hold jurisdiction over the vendors, payers, and providers of the healthcare industry of the country. It also governs the patients and the delivery models of the healthcare services with a special emphasis on the regulatory, operations and transactional legal issues (Floridabar.org, 2016). The rule 6-14.2 definitions of the Florida bar states it as the legal issues that involve local, state or federal laws, rulesRead MoreThe Abolition Of The Monarchy Affect New Zealand s Constitutional Structure1750 Words   |  7 Pagesbriefly as there are merits in remaining with an â€Å"unwritten Constitution† mainly in relation to the fluidity that has historically led New Zealand’s gradual progression to Independence. New Zealand is a democracy and constitutional monarchy; the Head of State is the sovereign (Queen Elizabeth II) whom is the source of legal authority in New Zealand. In her role as Queen of New Zealand, Queen Elizabeth II acts through a representative appointed on the recommendation of the Prime Minister for a period ofRead MoreThe Republic Of The Philippines1600 Words   |  7 Pagesboundaries. The capital of the Philippines is Manila and the country’s most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The archipelago, a Spanish colony during the 16th century and ceded to the United States in 1898 following the Spanish-American War, gained independence from the United States on July 4, 1946. The nation’s population was estimated at 102.6 million as of July 2016, making it the 13th most populous country in the world. The population was growing at 1.6% annually as of 2016Read MoreElementary Students Learn About Their Community s Government And Leaders Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Studies Methods Summary: †¢ Students will learn about their community’s government and leaders. Throughout the lesson, students will engage in discussions and be visited by an elected local government official. Students will also conduct their own research to learn more about their local government. Learning Context: †¢ This lesson is designed for third grade and fits in with our community, as our government officials are part of our local community. †¢ This lesson may require extra timeRead MoreDoes San Francisco Have The Obligation Of Provide Citizens With Health Access?1022 Words   |  5 PagesObligation to Provide Citizens with Health Access? The question of whether governments have an obligation, legally or morally, to provide citizens with access to health care is one that has been debated for decades and will more than likely continue to be for years to come. Some say governments are morally obligated to provide access and others say they are bound by the right to health. Do governments, whether federal, state or local, have the obligation to provide citizens with health access? DoRead MoreA Report On The Quality Management Of A China Council Of Lions Clubs International ( Lci )953 Words   |  4 Pagesconsiderable success in NGO field. Lions Clubs International(LCI) is a secular, non-political service organization, which is originated in the United States and plays an active part among global NGO. In CCLC case, it takes distribution instead of hierarchical management model, namely CCLC establishes its branches by region, and each club will distribute various projects to certain units. These units are responsible for the functions of the aid of natural disaster, donations, rural education and etcRead MoreThe Role Of Galaxy s Production Manager s Responsibilities1492 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction The largest privately owned toy company in the United States is Galaxy Toys, Inc. They were founded in Toledo, Ohio in 1956 by George and Nan Jepson who later partnered with Jack Mercury. Today, Galaxy Headquarters is still located in Toledo, Ohio. Since their humble begging’s they have added several factories in Daytona, Florida, Huntsville, Alabama, White Plains and Jerez, Mexico. Their vision to â€Å"create toys that inspire children all over the globe to dream of space explorationRead MoreU.s. Government Accountability Office1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan agency that works for Congress (GAO 2014). The GAO falls under the legislative branch of the federal government and works extensively with the executive branch, or more specifically, the Department of the Treasury and the Office of Management and Budget. How When it Began The GAO was founded in 1921 when the Budget and Accounting Act transferred accounting, auditing responsibilities, and claims functions away fromRead MoreStrategic Corporate Social Responsibility Of The Armed Services Ymca Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Armed forces in need. The Armed Services YMCA has grown over the years and now operates over 30 branches across the United States. The San Diego facility is part of this large network that seeks to offer military-specific care, realizing the uniqueness of combat duties and the historical challenges that come with the service. The Armed Services YMCA of San Diego (ASYSD) offers various programs for members of the armed services and their families all over the world. The ASYSD work closely

Essay about Scientific Method and Participant Observation

In the article, â€Å"Researching Dealers and Smugglers,† Patricia Adler discusses her and her husband’s experience using participant observation to collect data from drug dealers and the problems this qualitative method brought. A qualitative method focuses on collecting rich, non-statistical data. This method involves face-to-face interviews and actual participation with the group being researched. The Adlers use this method because it is almost impossible to gather accurate information on people who smuggle drugs. This is true because they are such private and deceitful people. The only way to get the real facts is if the smugglers trust the person. Unfortunately, participant observation brought problems such as the dealers and smugglers†¦show more content†¦Cocaine also helped the dealers open up easily. During the interviews, some dealers experienced withdrawal symptoms. It caused them to become malicious with each other or towards the Alders without any w arning. The way the Alders solved this problem was by taking precautions when interacting with the dealers. The cocaine use was not a problem for the Adlers, but they most likely dealt with the marijuana issue quite easily since Patricia does not specifically explain how it was solved. In addition, there was another problem the Adlers encountered. The Adlers also found that mixing the overt and covert roles with the members of the group throughout the investigation was another issue. Since the Adlers had different level relationships with every individual, some of the dealers were aware that they were a part of a research project while others were not aware. This sometimes confused the Adlers. Patricia states, â€Å"They [the informants] would made occasional veiled references in front of people, especially when loosened by intoxicants, that made us extremely uncomfortable.† This issue made the couple uncomfortable because they did not want to blow their cover. Patricia and P eter Adler also feared that the participants would think they are police. Peter and Patricia Adler solved this issue by take the necessary safety measures so anyone they did not want to find out. TheShow MoreRelatedData Collection Method Participant Observation Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesData collection method participant observation Introduction and Meaning of Observation The most common method used for getting information about the various things around us, is to observe those things and also the various processes related to those things. Hence, it can be said that observation acts as an important, fundamental and the basic method of getting information about anything. But it must be kept in mind that observation is not just seeing things but it is carefully watching the thingsRead MoreNaturalistic Observation : Observing People999 Words   |  4 Pages Naturalistic Observation – observing people in their natural setting. The advantages to his method are; realistic natural behaviours, low demand characteristics, can generate new ideas for research and test existing findings. However the disadvantages are; lack of control of variables, observer bias, limited to public places or certain types of behaviours, which may create ethical issues. Controlled Observation – allows researchers to observe in a natural setting, giving focus on whatRead MoreFactors That Affect The Mental Process964 Words   |  4 Pagesthe research gathered can assure behavioral characteristics are correct and correlate to the study. When conducting research, it is imperative that we manage systematic and careful observations. It is important to know that although research is used to gather information, it may not yield accurate results. Some observations that are collected by researchers may conflict with one another however; this is vital data that is necessary for the process. Different opinions are helpful in order to determineRead MoreThe Scientific Method Of Scientific Methods1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scientific Method The scientific method has been used for centuries to create a structured and concrete way to study a question. When looking at it from a psychology stand point, the scientific method allows psychologists to formulate a way to study and make sense of human nature and support their â€Å"haunches and plausible sounding theories†(Myers, 2010). Within the scientific method a theory is formed by everyday observations. It predicts behaviors or possible outcomes. Next a hypothesis mustRead MoreDiscuss to What Extent Psychology Can Be Considered a Science.1129 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss to What Extent Psychology Can Be Considered a Science. According to Merriam Webster (2008), science is a, â€Å"knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method†, with scientific method in five steps being, â€Å"observation/research, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation and conclusion.† (sciencemadesimple.com, 20 06). With this to consider, is psychology a science and if so, to what extent. It would be fair to say that psychologyRead MoreSociological Exploration Or Research Is A Complex Process1333 Words   |  6 Pagesunchanged. An example of this would be how does gender (independent variable) affect rate of income (dependent variable). When Sociologist conduct research they use the â€Å"Scientific Method†. The Scientific Method is defined as a systematic method of procedure for formulating, testing, and modifying a hypothesis. The scientific method uses a six-step process, 1. Choose a topic, 2. Summarize, 3. Formulate a hypothesis, 4. Collect Data, 5. Analyze Results, 6. Present Findings. With this set of principlesRead MorePsychology Is Defined By Content Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology is defined by content. It is the scientific study of behavior and experience. Psychology uses scientific methodologies which include different techniques and strategies in order to collect and analyze data (Gorbel, Sept. 2nd). Psychologists conduct research in order to measure and describe behavior as a way to understand when,why, or how events occur. They apply their knowledge to the real-world (Gorbel, Sep. 28th). Before modern technology, Psychologists had to rely on subjective repotsRead MoreThe Experimental Method And Experimental Research1157 Words   |  5 Pagesknow today within this field. Through the experimental method we take steps to get knowledge about a chosen subject, in doing so, we are able to predict phenomenon, analyze cause, and effect and relationships between variables. We make observations, form hypothesis, make predictions, and do experiments, analyze the results of an experiment, draw a conclusion and finally we report findings and results of the experiment. The experimental method and experimental research is important to society becauseRead MoreA Research Methods Used By Psychologists955 Words   |  4 PagesCase studies, surveys, and naturalistic observations are a few research methods used by psychologists to facilitate the understanding of behavior. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages that are used in particular research scenarios. Techniques li ke observation or interactions between the researcher and the subject(s) such as extensive interviews to restrained experiments are what some research methods heavily rely on to be validated. A case study involves in-depth research and documentationRead MoreTypes of Experimental Research Methodologies1387 Words   |  6 Pages  Natural observation occurs when researchers observe participants in their natural setting. When researchers use natural observation they do not change the environment the participants are in and the researchers do nothing to change the behavior of the participants. Natural observation is used when researchers are looking for a particular behavior but this can be a very time consuming method of research. The researcher has no guarantee that he or she will witness the particular behavior he or she

Ingredient Branding of Industrial Goods Free Essays

string(124) " of products to the market, both as a supplier to different kinds of manufactures, as well as a producer of consumer goods\." Ingredient Branding of Industrial Goods: A case study of two distinct different automotive suppliers Waldemar Pfoertsch[1] / Johannes Rid[2] / Christian Linder[3] Abstract This paper concerns ingredient branding; more specifically, ingredient branding for industrial goods. Although research in ingredient branding has been quite intensive in the area of fast moving consumer goods, considerably less research has been carried out for industrial goods. In this paper, the authors provide insight into whether successful ingredient branding can be transferred to industries where it has not been a common phenomenon: automotive suppliers. We will write a custom essay sample on Ingredient Branding of Industrial Goods or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two major companies in the automotive industry are analyzed in this paper: Autoliv, a major player in car-safety supplies and equipment like seat belts and airbags, and Bosch, producers of a large variety of car components, like diesel and gasoline injection systems, braking components (e. g. ABS and ESP), and starting motors and alternators. The findings include enormous potential for B2B companies in the field of ingredient branding. Car suppliers, for instance, have rarely used the option of branding their ingredients at the finished product. The authors give a historical perspective, show e. g. that ABS braking system, invented by German supplier Bosch would have been a perfect candidate for branding to the final customer. In the purchasing decision of potential car buyers, the ingredient ABS, provided by a strong ingredient manufacturer (e. g. Bosch) could have led to a preference of buying a specific car, and in the end, added to the supplier’s reputation and revenue. 1. Leveraging the brand We now live in a world where consumers receive thousands of impressions and messages every day. Ever increasing competition makes it more difficult for a message to reach the audience and target group, with the consequence that it becomes harder for a consumer to differentiate between brands. Furthermore, as competitive advantages and innovations are copied at a higher speed, products and services become more alike. In this kind of environment, it is important for producers to find a position for their product or service in order to focus and clarify the attributes that make their product unique to the customer. In response to this current business environment, research and best practice show that more and more firms have come to the realization that one of their most valuable assets is the brand name associated with their products or services. (Keller,2003, Pfoertsch/Mueller, 2006). Producers understand that powerful brands are beneficial to the company: â€Å"Brands, therefore, are genuine assets and, like other forms of asset, they can appreciate considerably as a result of careful management and development. † (Blackett, in: Murphy, 1989). Kotler/Pfoetsch (2006) have proved that B2B branding offers strong competitive advantages, â€Å"by implementing a holistic brand approach companies can accelerate and increase their overall success† compared to companies that do not go the path of B2B branding. Brands should be seen in a holistic manner where all activities of a company should be integrated to get the maximum advantage (Kotler/Pfoertsch, 2006). Strategic success might be achieved through leveraging the brand, because the brand is one of the most strategic and worthy assets a firm owns. Possibilities to leverage the brand include line extensions, stretching the brand vertically, brand extensions, and co-branding (Pfoertsch/Schmid, 2005). Co-branding means that two brands form an alliance in one or several areas that lead to a new product branded with both brands. Ingredient branding, on the other hand, is a brand that is solely used as a component of a branded article (Riezebos, 2003). According to Norris (1992), there are two relevant criterias that must be fulfilled for ingredient branding. First, the component can only be bought and consumed by consumers as a part of the branded article. Second, the brand name of the component is only used for such an ingredient (and not for ‘normal’ branded articles as well). 2. Can you ingredient brand where branding is not a common phenomenon? The reason companies start to co-operate is due to technological and psychological changes of the business environment. There are two reasons why this occurs (Uggla, 2000): First, technology and new distribution patterns open up new possibilities for cooperation where brand extension and brand alliances become more interesting from a strategic point of view. Second, consumers look for risk reduction, and brand extension and brand alliances might be the right strategies to reduce consumer risk. Strategies to meet the demands of a changing world are co-branding and ingredient branding. There are some good examples of ingredient branding of durable goods on the market, such as Shimano as a component supplier of cycles, and Intel in the computer industry. Intel, for instance, â€Å"positioned itself to be the heart and soul of personal computers. The strategy was to create a brand, and it worked – for PCs† (Karolefski, 2001). In other industries that produce industrial goods, like the car industry, ingredient branding has not been a common strategy. The primary question that guides us through this paper is: Is it possible for industrial goods industry like the automotive industry to adopt an ingredient brand when ingredient branding is not a common phenomenon? 3. Analyzing with real world data In this paper, real world data from two different companies were collected and compared. A qualitative approach was chosen, which enables us to analyze, understand and interpret the situation rather than giving standardized results. The aim was to understand the strategy of ingredient branding as a whole. Research was mainly based on collecting data through interviews with decision makers (respondent interviews), which implies that the interviews are of a strategic nature. A case study approach gives the possibility of getting deeper insight into a certain problem or situation and to ascertain how interviewees perceive their situations. The presented cases are Bosch and Autoliv, two companies representing the car SUPPLIER manufacturing industries. Since this study aims to help understand why and under what circumstances companies choose an ingredient brand strategy, the case study approach was seen as the most appropriate. The Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart offers a wide range of products to the market, both as a supplier to different kinds of manufactures, as well as a producer of consumer goods. You read "Ingredient Branding of Industrial Goods" in category "Essay examples" It had 2007 a turnover of â‚ ¬46,7 billion and employs over 271,000 people in about 50 countries. Today, 70% of Bosch turnover is from the car industry – it is a pioneer in the automotive supplier industry, with products that include ABS and ESP, injection systems, brakes, starter motors and alternators. Another major car supplier, Autoliv Inc. is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, the result of a merger between Autoliv of Sweden, founded in 1953, and the American company Automotive Safety Production, started in 1997. Autoliv of Sweden was the inventor of seat belts, which first came onto the market in 1956, and developed the first airbag for cars in 1980. Autoliv has about 30% market share in its segment on a worldwide basis, and employs about 6,000 people, with sales in 2004 of $ 5 billion. 4. Leveraging the brand for industrial goods If a company realizes that it cannot capitalize on its own brand alone, it might choose to capitalize on another brand. This implies that company A wants to â€Å"borrow† association of a brand from company B. It follows that company B in turn must also want to have something from A, since B must also benefit from its association with A. Generally speaking, three prerequisites must be fulfilled before company A and B collaborate: 1) Both companies must have sufficient brand equity, otherwise they would not be able to â€Å"borrow out† any associations (Keller, 2003); 2) company A and B should have a common basis of associations, meaning that A and B’s identity should have a certain degree of fit (Riezebos, 2003); and 3) that company A should be able to â€Å"offer† associations which B does not have and vice versa (Park/Jun/Shocker, 1996). (1) Sufficient brand equity The first prerequisite in terms of brand identity is that both brands have ufficiently strong and unique associations; that both of the brands (ingredient and host brand) separately have enough brand equity (Keller, 2003, p. 362). In this study, the question is whether Autoliv and Bosch each offer enough brand equity so that they could be potentially interesting partners for a host brand seeking to leverage its brand identity. The br and equity of Bosch can be rated as high. Bosch has successfully leveraged its own brand with brand extensions and line extensions. Bosch, in its beginnings, was a producer of car parts like starting motors and alternators. Over time, Bosch began to capitalize and leverage its own brand by extending their product range, including the development and production of power tools, mobile telephones, security systems, and industrial packing machines. The other company in this case study, the car safety producer Autoliv, is a well-known brand among B2B customers. Autoliv wants to work together with the best automotive companies in the field of car safety: â€Å"The identity of Autoliv is a company that always has the technical leadership in the area of car safety equipment like airbags and seat belts. Autoliv strives to always be the first with technical development in their area. † (Mats Odman, Autoliv). (2) Common basis of associations The second prerequisite is that the companies working together should have a certain degree of similarity in their brand identity (Riezebos, 2003). According to Keller (2003), the logical fit (image and product) between the two brands is the most important requirement for a successful collaboration between two brands. That means a) that both companies’ brand identities (host and ingredient brand) should be in correspondence with each other, and b) that the ingredient offers complementary brand associations. Main associations connected with Bosch are: quality and innovation. Most car manufacturers have these associations as well, therefore, a common basis of associations does exist. Bosch representatives say that â€Å"products from Bosch contribute key values to the brand such as a promise from Bosch about product quality. Bosch products are also innovative in the car industry which is reflected in their slogan ‘We bring innovation’, e. . Bosch was first to introduce engine injection systems with 1600 bar pressure† (Stefan Seiberth, Bosch). On the negative side, Bosch has the problem of being a supplier to virtually every car manufacturer in the world, and these car manufacturers have widely different brand identities (e. g. the brand identity of BMW is totally different than that of Volkswagen). Autoliv can be more precise in common associations. Autoliv aims to develop projects with car manufacturers that are striving for the latest technology in car safety, most likely with car manufacturers in the premium segment. A logical fit exists here because Autoliv has the same aim of technical leadership as the car manufacturers they choose to work together with. (3) Offering complementary associations Finally, cooperation between brands will only work if the partner brand offers complementary associations, which the host brand does not have, and vice versa (Park/Jun/Shocker, 1996). The concept of brand identity system is central here (Aaker, 1996), and includes the following definition: â€Å"Brand identity is a unique set of brand associations that the brand strategist desires to create or maintain. These associations represent what the brand stands for† (Aaker, 1996). Brand identity consists of twelve dimensions organized around four perspectives – the brand-as-product (product scope, product attributes, quality/value, uses, users, country of origin), brand-as-organization (organizational attributes, local versus global), brand-as-person (brand personality, brand-customer relationships), and brand-as-symbol (visual imagery/metaphors and brand heritage). Though not all perspectives might be appropriate for every brand, it should help firms to consider different brand elements to be able to enrich and differentiate their brand identity. The brand identity model is structured into core and extended identity. The core identity is the timeless and central essence of the brand. Therefore, it will most likely remain constant while the brand is stretched to new markets and products. The extended identity consists of brand identity elements, which complete the core identity, such as a slogan, sub-brands, and the brand personality (e. g. reliable, American, German engineering, friendly). [pic] Figure 1: Aaker’s model for brand identity modified with results from the case study To be able to identify and analyze what the case companies Bosch and Autoliv have to offer to their partners (host brands) in terms of desirable attributes, the above figure based on Aaker’s (1996) model summarizes the most important advantages of the examined cases. The reader should note that this paper is based on a study from the supplier’s perspective (partner brand). Therefore, spill-over effects which the case companies might receive from the producer side are not examined. Bosch offers associations which the partner brand possibly does not have. Attributes like ‘German engineering’, ‘reliable’ and ‘innovation’ could be easily used and benefited from by car manufacturer building middle and lower-class cars. Autoliv’s contribution to collaboration is technical leadership. One could say that Autoliv is a premium brand in their field of competence, thus offering strong associations in quality. To summarize, we can conclude that brand equity is one of the most, if not the most, valuable assets a company has. The company’s brand identity is the most important factor in creating or pushing the company’s brand equity. Company’s management should continuously try to leverage the brand’s identity. Our case companies Bosch and Autoliv prove that leveraging is fully possible in the area of industrial goods 5. Fit between brands So far, the authors have analyzed whether the examined companies and the industrial goods sector could offer enough brand equity and possibilities to leverage. In other words, up until this part of the analysis, we have looked upon whether our case companies would be interesting partners for the producers in their industries, and if the case companies fulfill the prerequisites to make co-branding successful. Now let’s look closer into the fit of brands and the field of brand association base. Image transfer What does theory say about the transferring process? Riezebos (2003) defines image transfer through the term deductive inference, which is the deduction of results/conclusions from brand images already in existence. Deductive inference is important when associations from one brand or entity is carried over to another brand/entity. For the transfer process, a source, which consumers must have certain associations with in terms of where it comes from, and a target (inductive inference, meaning that the associations load the image of the target) is needed. In summary, image transfer is a positive transfer from source to target, and similarly a positive feedback from target to source (Riezebos, 2003). For transferring associations, it is both necessary that source and target have something in common (e. g. common brand name), and that the target evokes certain brand associations. Ingredient branding and co-branding are brand-stretching strategies based on image transfer. Critical success factors for image transfer are 1) the sources’ level of brand-added value, 2) how the products are related to each other (target and source should only to a minor degree differ from each other), 3) the target group similarity (Park, 1991), and 4) family resemblance (different packages sharing the same facings). Brand association base Simonin and Ruth (1998) stress the fit between brands (and between the products), which significantly affects the attitudes towards the alliance. Leading researchers agree that companies should integrate the brands they cooperate with within their overall brand architecture. The authors have used the brand association base described by Uggla (2003) to examine the question of fit. The result can be seen in the figure below where the association base model has been modified with the findings from the case studies. The association base is a relevant tool for this purpose – to organize brand alliances and the brand structure from a leader brand perspective and intention. The association base describes how brands can be organized together. The model contains four different core components: leader brand associations, partner brand associations, institutional associations and the customer’s brand image. In a cooperation of brands, the advantage for the leading brand is that it adds values and positive associations to the product. The partner brand gets access to the distributions channels leading to the end-consumer market. The collaboration between the leader brand and the partner will determine an association base. The customer will evaluate the perceived equity from the association base and shape a specific brand image (Uggla, 2001). Figure 2: Modified brand association base (Uggla, 2003) Bosch, as a car part producer with German quality and innovation as their base of associations, could definitely contribute to the car manufacturer’s base of associations as for Mercedes-Benz: Enduring Passion. Autoliv has valuable associations for a potential host brand in terms of car safety. On the other hand, Autoliv does not build brand value, Autoliv would be a weaker partner brand according to the collaboration theory. The partner brand should help to expand the base of associations of the leader brand, and the partner brand’s core identity should lead into the direction the leader brand wants to go to, and the direction should be defined by the leader brand. The partner brand should also help to strengthen the base of associations while bringing in exclusivity and differentiation. Once more, Bosch has proven to be a valuable partner when tested against this theory. Autoliv stands weaker in this respect because the company is not actively building brand equity towards the final customer. To summarize, Uggla (2003) suggests that a less familiar leader brand should be connected to a strong partner brand with high brand familiarity. A lesser-known and/or unfamiliar car manufacturer (e. g. Asian car manufacturers who want to enter new markets outside Asia) using Bosch in-car equipment, for example, would be a positive example of this guideline. Functional and emotional incentives for brand collaboration A way of defining the motives for collaboration is given by Uggla (2001). He suggests a model based on a matrix, which is divided into emotional and functional benefits, to be able to understand why brands engage in co-operation. The model is based upon Aaker’s theory about the brand’s identity, but focuses on how the components of the value proposition are divided and shared among partners. The model divides the brands engaged in co-operation to a leader brand and (one or more) partner brand(s). The leader brand can choose to develop own associations or choose to capitalize on other brands’ associations. The partner brand’s contribution should be to expand to the leader brand’s base of associations and add critical physical and/or emotional attributes. Two different incentives for collaboration are functional and emotional benefits (Uggla, 2001). An example for a functional alliance is Intel because Intel contributes with a product (the processor for a computer) for which they have core competence. With emotional incentives, the aim of the leader brand is to endorse reputation (Cooke, 2000), which is the aim to get a better image and/or quality association with the help of the partner brand. On the other hand, the partner brand can profit from the leader brand’s functional attributes. [pic] Figure 3: Applied incentive model from leader and partner brand perspective The authors have modified this model in respect to the case analysis (see Fig. 3). As mentioned above, a brand that wants to lend associations to another brand strong must have strong incentives that can be either functional or emotional. For car producers, working together with Bosch could gain core competence and expand the value proposition (e. g. Bosch as a technology leader in ESP, ABS and diesel technology). This is according to the theory (Uggla, 2003), which says that collaboration based on functional incentives implies that the one brand contributes with core competence. Bosch would also profit from brand collaboration through shared costs in RD. Bosch might expand the legitimate territory for their products if the car manufactures allow Bosch to brand their ingredients. Accentuating emotional attributes are also a possibility for Bosch: â€Å"It is our strategy to position Bosch as an innovative, international, modern company† (Stefan Seiberth, Bosch). A car producer might also want to work together with Autoliv based on functional motives because Autoliv has core competency and is a leading manufacturer of car safety equipment (intelligent seat belts, irbags, etc. ). The focus for Autoliv is choosing partners who have a commitment to actively work with the development of safety in cars. As it is the case with Bosch, Autoliv would gain from collaborations by sharing costs for RD. Emotional incentives are also important for the company and play a certain role in choosing partners for a new project, according to Autoliv. The image of the car ma nufacturer is important; therefore, the company strives to share development with car manufacturers in the premium segment† (Mats Odman, Autoliv). To summarize, according to the incentive model, both Bosch and Autoliv offer sufficient incentives, both from partner brand as well as from the leader brand perspective. 6. Results: Transferring successful ingredient branding to the car industry The authors have taken into account the findings from the secondary sources of Moon (2002), Aaker (1996), and Keller (2003), all of which present a deeper analysis of ingredient branding strategies, and have compared these findings with the information from the car suppliers Bosch and Autoliv. We first want to emphasize that successful companies invest in and put the brand first. Moreover, the most effective strategy for a company is to become a brand-driven organization (Kotler/Pfoertsch, 2006). These companies not only differentiate themselves through their technology, but also through their level of service and through all employees working effectively towards the success of the brand, and thus, the company. In addition, ingredient branding is a form of multi-stage branding (Baumgarth, 2001). Therefore, the whole value chain, from (ingredient) producer to the final customer, needs to be considered. In the case of Bosch or Autoliv, the retailer, the producer of the final good, and the final customer need to be connected. This implies that all downstream markets need to be part of the strategy. Hillyer/Tikoo proved that consumers are cognitive misers (Hillyer/Tikoo, 1995). This means that consumers simply trust that a well-known manufacturer would not allow itself to collaborate with a low quality supplier. This has been proven with the success of Intel. Customers simply transferred the decision making to the computer manufacturers by trusting that the manufacturers have chosen the right microprocessor supplier, Intel. In terms of transferring these findings to the car industry, Autoliv could step into the shoes of Intel. Autoliv could act as a retrieval cue (Hillyer/Tikoo, 1995) for potential car buyers, where the car buyer trusts the car manufacturer to have picked a trustworthy brand in the area of car safety. Also, for a successful ingredient branding strategy, it is crucial that the right opportunity in time be identified. If we look at the success of Intel, often regarded as one of the most successful ingredient branders, one aspect that is different between Intel and the automotive industry is the timing of the ingredient branding. The computer industry matured during an era when computer sales were strongly on the rise accompanied by a period of increasing sensitivity to the value of branding (Cook, 2003). The car industry is already mature, therefore, the timing is not optimal for an ingredient brand strategy: â€Å"It would be great to replicate [Intel’s success in the automotive industry], but it’s 80 years too late to do it† (Klaus Deller, Bosch Group, in: Cook, 2003). The authors want to stress though, that even the car industry will offer windows of opportunities, especially when supplier come up with decisive inventions and innovations. Another factor to consider is that In contrast to the situation like Intel, where producers were actively looking for co-operations, car manufacturers often want to control their brand image and are currently not actively seeking brand collaboration with supplier. This fact makes the ingredient branding strategy even more complicated to implement. A solution to this would be for suppliers like Autoliv and Bosch to adopt a pull strategy by creating consumer demand. The pull principle is also the basic underlying concept that is best suited for ingredient branding, meaning that the ingredient manufacturer directly addresses the final customer (Pfoertsch/Schmid, 2005). Bosch is, through its automotive advertising campaigns in 2006 and 2007, on its way to utilizing such a strategy. Building strong association could even be implemented into the car industry. The OEM’s in the car industry could effectively promote their associations, which in the case of Bosch could be ‘braking safety’ (ABS, ESP), and ‘passenger safety’ (Airbags), in the case of Autoliv. The authors conclude that it is entirely possible for auto suppliers to establish an ingredient branding strategy. Bosch and Autoliv proved to have substantial possibilities for ingredient branding. This conclusion can be drawn through congruence of findings of the empirical research with theory. It is vital to the success of the strategy, though, that the whole organization not only strives for the same objective, but also consistently delivers the brand promise. Only with this â€Å"quality thinking† in the organization, can an ingredient succeed in the final industrial good. And – not to forget – it is time-consuming to create and establish a brand. Therefore, the overall strategy needs to be a long-term engagement in the marketing and branding investment. 7. Suggestions for future research This paper has examined the question of ingredient branding as a viable strategy for producers of industrial goods. In particular, we tested automotive suppliers Autoliv and Bosch (Norris, 1992; Keller, 2003; Riezebos, 2003). Since the scope of this paper could only cover the basics of this question, it would be interesting to go deeper into other aspects. A question for further research would be to find out how a model of the appropriateness of ingredient branding could be derived. Further research could cover even more industry segments in B2B marketing, thereby giving deeper insights into why certain industries have seen companies with successful ingredient branding, while others have not. Additionally, to discuss questions about an implementation strategy for ingredient branding needs more insight and research, including a possible guideline for companies that have decided to brand its ingredient. Examples from other industries could also be examined since the implementation process is very complex and many aspects need to be considered. Literature Aaker, D. A. , and Joachimsthaler, E. , â€Å"Brand Leadership†, The Fress Press, New York, 2000 Aaker, D. A. , and Keller, K. L. , â€Å"Consumer Evaluations of Brand Extensions†, Journal of Marketing, 54, January 1990, pp. 27-41 Aaker, D. A. , Building Strong Brands, The Free Press, New York, 1996 Baumgarth, C. , Ingredient Branding. Begriff und theoretische Begrundung, in : Esch, F. -R. : Moderne Markenfuhrung, Wiesbaden 2001, p. 17-343 Blackett, T and Boad, B: Co-branding, the Science Of Alliance, Macmillan Business, Interbrand, England, 1999 Blackett, T. , The Nature of Brands, in: Murphy, John, Brand Valuation, Hutchinson Business Books, 1989, pp. 1-11. Cook, B. , Can Bosch spark its OEM brand? , www. brandchannel. com, 2003 Cooke, S. , and Ryan, P. , â€Å"Brand Alliances: From Reputation Endorsement to Collabo ration on Core Competencies†, Irish Marketing Review, Vol. 13, 2000, p. 36-41 Hillyer, C. , and Tikoo, S. , â€Å"Effect of Cobranding on Consumer Product Evaluations†, Advances in Consumer Research, Volume 22, 1995 Kapferer, J. -N. Reinventing the Brand, Kogan Page, London, 2001 Kapferer, J. -N. , â€Å"Strategic Brand Management†, Kogan Page, London, 1992 Karolefski, John, â€Å"Intel Outside†, www. brandchannel. com, 2001 Keller, K. L. , â€Å"Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity†, Journal of Marketing, January 1993, pp. 1-29 Keller, K. L. , Strategic Brand Management: building, measuring, and managing brand equity, Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London, 1998 Keller, K. L. , Strategic Brand Management: building, measuring, and managing brand equity, Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London, second edition, 2003 Kotler, P. et al. , Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall Europe, 1996 Kotler, P. , a nd Pfoertsch, W. , „B2B Brand Managementâ€Å", Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2006 McCarthy, M. S. , and Norris, D. G. , â€Å"Improving Competitive Position Using Branded Ingredients†, Journal of Product Brand Management, Vol. 8, Nr. 4, 1999, pp. 267-285 Moon, Y. , â€Å"Inside Intel Inside†, Harvard Business Review, October 15, 2002 Norris, Donald G. , â€Å"Ingredient Branding: A Strategy Option with Multiple Beneficiaries†, The Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1992 Park, C. W. , Jun, S. Y. , and Shocker, A. D. , â€Å"Composite Brand Alliances: An Investigation of Extension and Feedback Effects†, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 33, 4, 1996, pp. 453-466 Pfoertsch, W. , and Schmid, M. , „B2B-Markenmanagement: Konzepte – Methoden – Fallbeispieleâ€Å", Franz Vahlen, Munich, 2005 Pfoertsch, W. , and Mueller, J. Die Marke in der Marke Bedeutung und Macht des Ingredient Branding, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2006 Riezebos, Rik, â€Å"Brand Management: A Theoretical and Practical Approach†, Pearson Education Limited, 2003 Simonin, B. L. , and Ruth, J. A. â€Å"Is the Company known by the Company it keeps? Assessing the Spillover Effects of Brand Alliances on Consumer Brand Attitudes†, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 35, February 1998, pp. 30-42 Uggla, H. , â€Å"The Brand Association Base: A Model for Strategically Leveraging Partner Brand Equity†, Unpublished Paper, 2003 Uggla, Henrik, †Managing the Brand-Assoc iation Base†, Akademitryck AB, Edsbruk, 2000 Uggla, H. , †Organisation av varumarken†, Liber Ekonomi, Malmo, 2001 Uggla, H. , †Varumarkesarkitektur – strategi, teori och kritik†, Liber Ekonomi, Malmo. 001 ———————– [1] Waldemar Pfoertsch – Professor of Business Marketing – CEIBS China Europe International Business School Shanghai – Hongfeng Road Shanghai – 201206, China – Tel: +86(21) 28905662 – wap@ceibs. edu and Professor of International Business – Pforzheim University – Tiefenbronnerstrasse 65 – 75175 Pforzheim, Germany [2] Johannes Rid, National Sales Manager, Pirelli Tyre Nordic AB, Gustavslundsvagen 141, P. O. Box 14147, 16714 Bromma, Stockholm, Sweden,Tel: +46. 8. 6220850, Fax: +46. 8. 7550941, johannes. rid@glocalnet. et [3] Christian Linder – Research Assistant – Pforzheim Business School – Pforzheim University – Tiefenbronnerstrasse 65 – 75175 Pforzheim, Germany – Tel: +49 7231 28-6466, christian. linder@hs-pforzheim. de ———————– Bosch: Expand the legitimate territory Emotional incentives Functional incentives Bosch: Expand value proposition, modify brand personality Bosch: Engineering core com Autoliv: Core competence in car petence safety Partner brand perspective Leader brand perspective Bosch: Cost efficiency (RD), Short cut to awareness and distribution. Autoliv: Cost efficiency (RD) Institutional Associations Image Transfer Identity Transfer Customers’ image of the brand Leader Brand Associations e. g. Mercedes-Benz: Enduring Passion [pic]*fgyz}†°S? z  Ã‚ ©? iO?  ©i? i~? i? hM8(h@zhuT;CJOJ[4]QJ[5]^J[6]aJmHsH4h@zhuT;5? 6? CJOJ[7]QJ[8]? ]? ^J[9]aJmHsH+h@zhuT;5? CJ,OJ[10]QJ[11]^J[12]aJ,mHsH#h@zhuT;6? OJ[13]QJ[14]^J[15]mHsH0jh@zhuT;0J6? OJ[16]QJ[17]U[pic]^J[18]mHsH+h@zhuT;5? CJ,OJ[19]QJ[20]^J[21]aJ,mHsH+h@zhuT;CJ OJ[22]QJ[23]? ^J[24]aJ mHsH. h@zhuT;5? CJ OJ[25]QJ[26]? Partner Brand Associations Bosch: Innovation, quality Autoliv: Safety Association base fit How to cite Ingredient Branding of Industrial Goods, Essay examples

Otto Preminger And Carmen Jones Explorer â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Otto Preminger And Carmen Jones Explorer? Answer: Introducation Celebrities are individuals who are widely known by society and had attained a degree of media and public attention. They are recognized for their reputation which is for either good or bad deeds. Formation and management of positive reputation in society is not an easy task as it requires a lot of hard work and patience (Wasserbaue and Dhoest, 2016). The present study is based on research work on the life of celebrities; Maria Callas and Madonna by considering the factors which led them to the diva status. Maria Callas is a traditional diva, calm yet strong, being a heavenly idol also a very brilliant opera singer. On the other hand, Madonna is a modernistic diva; she is motivated, ambitious and often reveals unpredictable and domineering behaviour. On the basis of this research, lessons learnt from their life will be summarized. Reputation of Maria Callas and Madonna as divas Maria Callas has enduring legacy due to her sensational voice and determination to become a glamorous diva. She transformed herself into a glamorous diva whose mesmerizing stage presence and enhancing scandalous behaviour provided her frequent place to covers of international magazines (Sonneborn, 2014). She made her professional debut through Royal Opera of Athens in Boccaccio and quickly earned the primary role of Tosca (Smith, 2000). However, later she struggled for finding other roles due to World War II and faced various rejections. Due to this she moved to Verona and later debut with the performance of La Gioconda and get married to rich industrialist Giovanni Meneghini. With the management team of her husband, she continued her performance and became a demanding diva and in 1954 made debut in America in Norma which was considered to be her signature role. Madonna started her career as a pop star singer in 1980 and became an idol for psychology and influenced them with her revealing fashion sense and she was a fashionista. Madonna was a good student; she won a scholarship in 1978, from the Michigan University. Eager for popularity and stardom, she stopped during her second year and shifted to New York; she had worked in shift despite having low and started to fight for performances and shows (BERNSTEIN, 2014). In New York club scene, she was popular, after she gave a hit Holiday, which was one of the Americas Top 20 and'Like a Virgin' (1984) was her title track became the singer's first No. 1 single. During 1985, Madonnas singles were sold more rather than any other artist. Madonna pursued the achievement of 'Ray of Light' with 'Music', however, 'American Life' album didnt succeed and was not as hit as expected. She came back to form her 10th album 'Confessions on a Dance Floor' which was released in November 2015, along with its 'Hung Up' as a lead single getting number one position in 41 countries. In 2015, her latest album was released named 'Rebel Heart'. With the initiation of her career, Madonna was popular as "Queen of Pop", had a great social-cultural effect on all over the world with her thoughts behaviour, tapes, recordings and lifestyle. Factors which had contributed to reputation and fame of Maria Callas and Madonna as divas Maria Callas and Madonna were amazing singers and renowned with the status of diva due to their hard work and emotional intensity of their voice. They both had adopted something different from the league to retain their fame. Maria Callas had transformed herself to gain a glamorous body, and Madonna had adopted revealing fashion sense which had a significant impact on youth (Grover-Friedlander, 2014). Further, they both had endured scandals and struggled over the course they career, but they continued their musical journey with innovation and reinvention in their music work. Both divas were able to act with words and their ability to rise to glamour despite having severe emotional and personal difficulties (Placanica and.et.al, 2014). Artistic achievements of Callas had provided her title of "the Bible of opera" by Leonard Bernstein and even after 30 years of her death she is still the definition of a diva and best-selling vocalists. On the other hand, Madonna is living legend as a p rimary contributor of contemporary pop and being considered as one of 25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century. Similarity and differences in the process of reputation construction of Maria Callas and Madonna as divas The career of Madonna and Maria Callas has significant differences but the similar outline of musical journey. Maria Callas had started her career as opera singer through debut in royal opera but having a quick downfall in her career and faced various rejection due to World War 2. On the other hand, Madonna had got a quick career start up, as she was a good model and had an amazing voice (Wasserbauer and Dhoest, 2016). Madonna selected reinvention and innovation for boosting up her career while Maria Callas selected transformation of her body and support of better team work. Madonna had taken various vocal lessons for improving her voice regarding speech quality singing. While Maria Callas were not so much engaged in so much of training. Maria Callas have similar stereo types as she started her career through lowering their voices to straining their vocal cords. However, Madonna had broken all the rules with the launch of Gangbang as the statement against stereotype. They both have f aced emotional distress due to their personal life, and as a consequence, their career gets adversely affected (Melville, 2017). Although, they both arise from failures and restart their career with amazing debuts and earn the title of diva in the music industry. Happy coexistence of myth and truth in the process of reputation construction Life of celebrities is always on public display due to curiosity of media, followers and their criticizers. Their lives are always surrounded by buzz of rumors which are not always true due to which there is happy coexistence of myth and truth at the time of process of reputation construction (Mabry, 2015). For example, not all love affairs rumors of Maria Callas and Madonna were true but their closeness to cited person were truth to some extent. Both divas were working hard for re-debut but they get criticized for deteriorating public images but without affecting by it they rebuilt their musical career and become immortal and legend as a diva in musical industry. Lessons learnt from life story of Maria Callas and Madonna as divas The musical journey of Maria Callas and Madonna as divas provides various learning to their followers. In these learnings, primary lesson learnt is that hard work is the key to your success all we need is to keep trying and give you best. Both the celebrities had faced down time, scandals and emotional breakdown but as a performer, they continued their journey instead of quitting (Simosko, 2013). Another lesson I learnt from them is continuous improvement and innovation in work assist in growth in a career by providing new heights. By making use of clever innovation and reinvention (in terms of music, fashion and dance), Madonna kept herself in headlines and grab the attention of music lovers. marketing, if you do not spend sufficient time on training, then your career will adversely affect like Maria Callas (Maria Callas Biography.com, 2017). In addition to this, it is team work which provides success as individual work is temporarily viable but not for long lasting success. These b oth divas are a beacon for women across the world and a commendable example for leaders in any facet of life References Grover-Friedlander, M., 2014.Vocal accounting: the attraction of cinema to opera. Princeton University Press. Melville, D., 2017. Kissinthe Breeze Goodbye: Otto Preminger and Carmen Jones.Explorer, (83). Placanica, F., Karantonis, P., Verstraete, P. and Sivuoja-Kauppala, A. eds., 2014.Cathy Berberian: pioneer of contemporary vocality. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Sonneborn, L., 2014.A to Z of American Women in the Performing Arts. Infobase Publishing. Wasserbauer, M. and Dhoest, A., 2016. Not Only Little Monsters: Diversity in Music Fandom in LGBTQ Business.IASPM@ Journal,6(1), pp.25-43. Simosko, N., 2013. What can leaders learn from Madonna? [Online]. Available through https://www.fastcompany.com/889239/what-leaders-can-learn-madonna. [Accessed on 31st July 2017]. Mabry, J., 2015. Madonna builds a worldwide reputation as leading innovator in rehabilitation. [Online]. Available through https://journalstar.com/niche/star-city-health/medical/madonna-builds-worldwide-reputation-as-leading-innovator-in-rehabilitation/article_ec2340fd-1faf-536c-8a44-8eb2dd8c3d80.html. [Accessed on 31st July 2017]. Maria Callas Biography.com. 2017. [Online]. Available through https://www.biography.com/people/maria-callas-9235435. [Accessed on 31st July 2017]. Smith, B. S., 2000. [Online]. Available through https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/05/reviews/001105.05smitht.html. [Accessed on 31st July 2017].